Explosive-turbine.



PATENTED DEG. 24, mv.A P. W. LUEDKB.

EXPLosIvE TURBINB. APPLIOA'TON FILED AUG.15, 1904.

vNo. 874,693.

SHEET 1,

. 3 SHEETS PATENTBDYDEC. 24, 1907.

SHEETS-SHEET 2.

F. W.- LUEDKE.

EXPLOSIVE TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 15. 1904i l To all whom "it may cowem:

FREDERICK W. LUEDKE, OF TRENTON, NEW JERSEY.

ExPLosIVE-TURBINE.

Be it known that I, FREDERIGKW. LUEDKE, a citizen of the German Empire, residing at Trenton, county of Mercer, and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Explosio11-'1`urbines, of

, which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to turbines and more especially to that 'class of turbines which are driven by the expanded vapors derived from the explosion of combustible fluids.

The object of the invention is to accomplish directness of energy conversion producing adiabatic and complete expansion by providing a combustion chamber located in juxtaposition to the exit nozzle, in which the lheatv energy is converted into kinetic energy.

The latter is utilized to drive the turbine wheel.

A further object of the invention is the prol vision of novel means for sucking and compressing the combustible fluid in the combustion chamber.

A still further object is the provision of `novel means whereby the valve of the exit part is operated to open at a predetermined time and novel means for adjusting the .de-

gree of pressure atwhich the vapors are ad` mitted to the turbine wheel.

A still further object is to provide a novel way inwhich the supply of fluid to the combustion chamber, is cut oil', and the advantageous way it is vaporized.

A still further object is the provision of advantageous means for cooling the buckets ofv the turbine. 1

Another object is to provide novel means for operating the sparker. Hav-ing the foregoing objects in view, the invention consists of certain improved features of construction and novel combinations and adaptations of parts set forth hereinafter and recited in the appended claims.

:In thev drawings :HFigure r1 is a front elevation with parts brokenawayto'gbe'tter "illustrate the way the pistons are operated; ig..2'fis a" l'side elevation :partly 'in' section showing the relation of the" ex losiocylinders `to the turbine Wheel and t iegearin'g'for operating the pistons. Fig. 3 `is -l`a` view?,

partly'in Section, showing in det-ail the sp'a'rkf *mg-'means andvstarting device; Fig. 4' is a lsectional View of one ofthe cylinders'showin l the piston at the end of its suction stroke and the split ringclosing the inlet port, the exit Specification of Letterslatent.,

i Application filed August l5, 1904. Serial No. 220.846.

`lamented Dec. 24, 1907.

the liquid, the exit port being closed, Fig. 7'

shows the piston on the middle of the outward stroke, the fluid port being opened, and

before being closed by the ring-;Fig. Sis a dii agrammatic view of the sparker and magnet; F 1g. 9 1s a detail plan view of the valve stem catch; and Fig. 10 is an end view of the split ring.

l represents the base of the casing 2 which practically surrounds the entire mechamsm and which supports the ,turbine wheel 3,

Referring more specially to the drawings,

centrally journaled'in the casing 2, on main shaft 4. Mountedon the casing 2 and arranged tangentially to the turbine Wheel are a plurality of explosion cylinders 5 each rovided with a piston 6 and a piston head) 7, whichis provided with a headed extension 8, and surrounding this extension 8 is a split ring As shown in Figs. 3 to 7 the piston 6 is provided with annular collars 10 and 11, which are adapted to engage a stud pin 12 mounted on the main lever 13. This lever 13 is pivoted to the casing at 14 and is provided at 15 with a relatively long slot which is engaged by a pin 16 rigidly Secured to a gear wheel 17 driven by the turbine wheel 3 in any suitable manner. In mesh with the wheel 17 is a pinion 18 rovided with a crank 19 and handle 20 whic can be used to start the device by hand.

' Sliding centrally throughthe piston 6 is aA v mounted inabracket 25 secured to the casing and is provided with an abutment 26, 'between which and thebracket'25 is mounted a 'iral springv I27 adapted to" normally y.force by magnet 31 which w` behereinafter described, and at' the otherend with aI hammer e valve 22jfromj`its seat.f13ivoted tofthej r4casing-M328 is a trip'lever 29 provided,at one end, with a head 30 ada ted to be attracted 82 Vwhichengages a,catc`h33 .fj 'Thiscatch is provided with a spring 34fsurroundingits axis which tends to normally' throw it .into engagement with the abutment 26. A lever cured to the main shaft.

, to reciprocate and prevent the collar from centricsl() is a collar 45 having the cars 46 in Water from pipes 68. The jackets of all the 35 is pivoted to the easing at 36 and is prol vided with a leaf `spring 37 on its face end adapted to engage the abutment 26 andI force it and the valve stem 2l inward when acted upon by the arm 37S which is attacheii to the lever. 35 at one end and at the other end to the main lever 13.

In Fig. 2 there is shown a gear 3f) loosely mounted on the main shaft l which gear is provided with an eccentric 4l). 'lhiswheel f receives motion from a pinion 41 keyed'to a I jack shaft 42 and this jack shaft is' provided With a gear 43 meshing with a pinion 44 se- 'lhis arrangement allows. for the change of gears to regulate the t-iining of the explosion and the suction and compression. lioosely mounted on the ecwliicli an arm 47 is pivoted and pivotall)r secured to the arm 4T is a lever lb rigidly secured to a shaft 4.() at its opposite end. 'lhis shaft is journaled in an extension of the easing and has an arm 5() rigidly secured thereto, which arm is provided with a stud pin 51 adapted to engage the collars l() and 11 on the piston 6. Pivotally secured to the arm 50 is a rod 52 which aet-uatcs the valve oper ating lever 53.

The casing 2 is provided with a divisional late'2 which separates the turbine wheel om the gearing and in Athis divisional plate 2 the main shaft 4 and the jack shaft 42 iind bearings. A slot 54' is also formed on the plate 2 by two raised flanges, and in thisslot a pin 55 integral with the collar 45 is adapted turning around its center. 'lhe whole running in oil.

.vEXtending outfrom the casing of the c vlinders 5 are two lugs 56 in which a contact rod 57 slides. This rod is irovided with eollars 58 and 59 the latter ot which is adapted to limit the movement of the rod forward and the former acts as an abutment for a coil spring 66 adapted to i-iorinally force the rod outward. Two switch points (l'are located adjacent one end of the-rod 57 lwhich closes the switch when forced inward b v the main lever 13 which as before stated is operated b v the turbine wheel. When the contact is made by the rod 57 the current sparks across the point marked and at the saine time opcrates the magnet 31.

0n the cylinders 5 are chairs 62 and reciprocally mounted in the center or each is a spring pressed rod 63 which enters a port 64 communicating with the combustion chamber. Leading away from port 64 to the turbine buckets is a muzzle 65 adapted to convey to the buckets the ovbrpressure exhaust.

.The cylinders are provided with' water or air jackets having the inlet ports 66. The buckets of the -turbine -wheel are cooled lby c vlinders are connected with eachother b v the casting. f

The starting operation is as follows: The wheel 17 is made to revolve one' revolution through the gear 18 and hand lever 1), thus the piston in the start of thel revolution as! sumes the position shown in Fig. T when lof the revolution is made. When-1Y of the revolulion is made, the piston stands at the position shown in Fig. 4, the split ring U having closed the lluid inlet port 6), when lof the return revolution is made the piston stands as shownin Fig. 6, the port still being held closed h v the ring, and when the full rev olution is completed the piston stands as shown in Fig. 5, the piston closing Athe inlet port. ln the lirst halt` of the revolution the main lever has retracted the valve ste-m and seated the exit valve through the lever 35, arm 3b' and leaf spring 37. The catch 33 now comes into engagement with the head 26 and holds the valve seated until the full revolution is made, when the main level' presses the. rod 57 inward to close the switch. When the circuit is complete, the current ares the points :c causing a spark and exploding the gases. Simultaneous with the arcing of the current, the magnet 3l is operated to draw up the headed end 36 of the lever 29 and consetpientbv bear down on the opposite end causing the hammer 3'. to press the f ree end of the catch 33 and release it from the head 26. This allows the spring 27 to force the valve 22 away from its seat and let the vapors under high pressure es 100 the explosion. VShould the magnet fail to 110 perform its function the pressure of the exlesion would raise the rod 63 against the lieaded end 3() of the lever :29 and o ierate the catch 33 to release the valve. '22. 'lhe levers shown in Fig. 1 work alternately to cause the 115 suction, compression, and explosion, according to the position of the eccentric 40.

The exhaust from the. turbine wheel of water or steam and spent gasesis carried oit' through pipe y. p

W'hat claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is l. In a device of the class described, the\ combination with s turbme wheel, ofan explosion cylinder having an exit adapted to 12b deliver ii'scharge to the tui-bine wheel for o erating said wheel, means controlling t 1e passage of the exploded charge through said exit to the turbine wheel, and means for exploding a charge within the cylinder, said 130 eve-,ces

charge exploding means being adapted to release the means controlling the`passagey of the exploded charge to the exit.`

2. In a device vof the class described, the combination with a'turbineu/heel, o'f an explosion cylindei` having an exit adapted to deliver its charge to' said turbine u heel for operating same, a valve closing the exit,-

- the exit,'means automatically operaledby the turbinewheel for`releasing said closing means, and auxiliary means operated by the .combination with a turbinen'heel, of explo- ,Sion cylinders having exits adapted to de- `1 expanded ases ol lthe explosion adapted to release saiiIclosing means should the turbine' operated means fail to act. i e. In a device of the class. described, the

liver their charges direct to ythe turbine wheel, valves closing said ,exits and automatic electric meanswcontrolling the releasej oli-said valves at a predetermined time.l

5. In a device of the classdescribed, the combination uithaturbine wheel, of explosion cylinders having exits adapted .to ,deliver their 'charges direct to the turbine Wheel, valves closing said exits, andelectrical means operated by the turbine wheel for automatically releasing said valves vat a predeterminedtime.

6.v In a device of vthe class described, the combination with a turbine wheel, of explosion cylinders having exits adapted to de- Aec liver their charges direct to the turbine wheel, valves sliding in said cylinders for 'said exits, means operated by the turbine Wheel for positively and automatically closing saidxvalves at predetermined times and locking them in closed osition, and means for automatically opening said valves ai" other predetermined times.

7. In a device of the class described, the combination Witl'ra turbine Wheel, of explosion cylindershaving,exits adapted to deliver their charges` direct` to the turbine wheel, valves sliding in ysaid cylinders for said exits, means for closing said. valves at redetermined times, means for positively ocking said Valyes .closed at predetermined times, means for automaticall releasing said locking means at the time o the explosion,

vand means for automatically opening said valves after said locking means has been released@` 8.' K4ln' ya device of the class described, the combination with a turbine Wheel, of explo- -independenilyof the'turbine for releasing sion cylinders having exits adapted to deliver their charges direct to the turbine and thereby operate saine, valves for said exits sliding in said cylinders, means operated by the turbine Wheel for automatically closing said valves, means for holding-said valves positively closed for a predetermined time, automaic'means operated by the turbine vqheel for releasing said locking'means, and means for opening said valves after saidlocking means has been released.

9. In a device of the class described, the combination uith a turbine wheel, of explosion cylinders having exits adapted'to deliver their charges direct to said Wheel and thereby operate saine, pistons in said cylinders, means operating said pistons to suck in and compress charges, means for exploding the charges, and automatic means operated said exploded charge.

10. In a device of the class described, the combination With a turbine wheel, of explosion cylinders having exits adapted to deliver their charges direct to the turbine wheel and thereby operate saine, pistons-in A said cylinders, means operat'edby said turbine wheel for reciprocating said pistons to suck in and compress charges, means for exploding charges, .and automatic means controlled by said exploding means for releasing said exploded charge.

11. In a device of the class described, the combination with a turbine Wheel, of explosion cylinders havingexits adapted to deliver their charges direct to the turbine Wheel, and thereby operate same, pistons in said cylinders, levers operated by said turbine wheel and connected to the pistons for reciprocating said pistons to suck in `and compress a charge, means for exploding the charge, and automatic means controlled by said exploding means for releasing said exploded charge.

12. An explosion cylinder having an operable piston, means for holding' said iston practically' stationary during the exp osion, and means operated by said holding means for exploding a charge.

13. in explosion cylinder having a piston, means for operating said piston,l said means "holding the piston practically stationaryv during the explosion, and a spar-ker, said pis-i ton holding means operating said sparker.

14. An explosion cylinder having a piston"` and an exit, means for operating said piston, said means holding the iston practically stationary during the exp-osion, a sparler,y said piston holding means operating 'said' sparker, a-'valve closin said exit, and means operated by said sparlger circuit adapted to open the valve.

15. In nan explosion cylinder, having an exit port, the combination with a piston Working in said cylinder, of means foi` oper` ating snifl piste i s n t Y eed, e lever adapted to release seid exit pen liee t et for operating said lever, 50 seid. pieten, m "i, surroundin seid Valve closed, :and me seat it after t e Catch has 5,- locking nim in device of Lille class described, the

exit :om: lnl n with e turbine Wheel, of en eX- 55` werking therein, nl 1 i "ien Cylinflez' having an exit adapted te pieten, n wilxflkw: n charge to the turbine buckets, a

In pei-l; in 'the (-ylirnlla 'f f e an seul. exit, a charge inlet to seid cyla. spei'lier for exploding the charge, a d .n'eul't, means operated by the tur- 60 within llw lullen me Valve closed l ml eisten] lngy Seid vn-ive lmfll'ug me* l?. in am e K exit, ille wmliin tliei'elz'i7 el mf' ten, means im' cyi'inl'lei, n valve l Q i en explosive engine, the combina.- witlln sind niet' Y l 5 en with an ezq losien-opereted motel', of en 0 valve ele:- x l and t l t l 'en chamber for generating the charge )y .will ex rating the motor, ineens eontrollin mieli. .sage ef the exploded charge to the 70 le. ln an el; means for automatically operating exit7 the eem" ineens at the time ot the extllerein, of n ne A t tlie exploded charge to pass ten, ineens. le." @cplI means operated imler, e fnlve l'er ele within riseiifl pieten, vule clnsetl, intein 'le seid exploding menne im' and e resilient member valve titer the eetrli has l Il). ln an ex exitI ille Cem? therein, el :t pistmi, n. Y/:n 1 n within said pieten, mlve Cloeell, t lew Qveipiessure in the explosion chem-`I catch, :mie-mat.' Y l 1;' operating the said controlling means f nml i e; p l, t, peznittmg tie overpressure to bylilve fell mul nllitp i', f l t, lie meter. :itc/li luis lie;I .inieny whereof 'lf hereunto affix my 90 2li in im i Y in 'presence el two witnesses. `i; t e rei binelii l v, m'oiff) (jf gem if@ eee-Jeanine. W. LUEDKE, In, e Valve lei' i senil piston :intl p teli adapt/eil le eng' ,veel for closing seld valve, ineens lor ive closed, and means operated F e? :uit for releasing seid valve -neens simultaneously with the el@ /plesive engine, the combine lesion-operated motor, of an Leber fel" generating the chai-ge 1e motor, ineens controlling the exploded' charge to the 2ans for automatically operating unwell el: the eX- charge te ry Ineens oper- 85 GALLAGHER, MULQNEY. 

